Kale

Row Crops
Written By Marianne Shetler

Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Frass:

  • Increased plant height, greater biomass, stem diameter, and height, demonstrating robust growth.

  • Fresh shoot yields achieved through using a combination of 100% Black Soldier Fly frass and daily irrigation were 14–69% higher than NPK.

  • Black Soldier Fly frass maintained higher values of kale leaf dry matter compared with NPK treatments, during periods of water stress.

  • Effective activator of systemic defenses in kale, reducing infestation by different hemipterans, lepidopterans, and dipterans.

  • Partially replacing synthetic fertilizer with BSF frass from household organic waste resulted in greater biomass, stem diameter and height.

Edible Insect Frass (General):

  • Enhanced growth, yield, and nutritional quality.

Marianne Shetler
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