Black Soldier Fly, mealworm, and caterpillar frass improve Brassica rapa biomass while reducing the survival of insect pests.
Mealworm and Black Soldier Fly frass sustain barley biomass and nutrient uptake comparable to mineral fertilizers while enhancing soil microbial diversity.
Black Soldier Fly frass helps suppress Fusarium wilt in bananas by improving soil biology and strengthening plant defenses.
Black Soldier Fly and mealworm frass improve grass shoot growth, regrowth after cutting, chlorophyll content, and soil fertility.
Mealworm frass enhances nutrient availability and supports beneficial soil microbes in ornamental species.